News Media

Rena Hermez RWS 100 Prof. Costello Nov. 29, 2009 News Media Media have tremendous power in setting cultural guidelines and in shaping political discourse. It is essential that news media is challenged to be unbiased and truthful. Most many people find news whether on TV, newspaper, or magazines to be politically bias. Michael Parenti, the author of Inventing Reality, asserts that the news can be bias towards political issues by using the â€Å"Methods of Misrepresentation† (Parenti 53). This includes: â€Å"Framing and Labeling†, â€Å"Selectivity and Deliberate Omission†, â€Å"The Greying of Reality†, â€Å"Auxiliary Embellishments†, and â€Å"Placement† (Parenti). These methods are used to serve the private news conglomerates and our country interests instead of the public interests. Therefore, the news content became politically biased. Moreover, the past decade has seen more change in the craft of news media than perhaps any other. Since the news conglomerates took over local papers and stations, news became less relevant and more for entrainment. The more news is entertaining to its audience, the more money for the news conglomerates and the shareholders. Thus, news is not as important to the lives of audience as they once were. The issue of economy is very crucial topic in the U. S. However, many news networks misrepresents the public interest by placing the article in the most secluded pages in the newspaper. For instance, the article, â€Å"Economists question accuracy of picture from economic data†, by New York Times Service, in the San Diego Union Tribune newspaper, discusses how the government’s picture of the economic data has a wide gap from the reality. It also explains why the government miscalculated the data, and gave a brief explanation on how to calculate it correctly. Since this article rectifys the government, San Diego Union Tribune decided to publish it on page A6 with advertising Ads. This is an example of â€Å"Placement† because as important as this issue has been to the public, the San Diego Union Tribune published the story in a place that is hidden from the readers view. Most people would never see it if they were just glossing the pages. According Parenti â€Å"troublesome stories that are not suppressed, ignored [†¦ still can be buried in obscure places. Placement is often used for the greying of reality†(Parenti 58). Another method of misrepresentation that occurs often in the news media is omission. Omission occurs when important information is not reported or is reported incompletely. likewise, Parenti defines it as, â€Å" sometimes the unmentioned includes not just particular details of he s tory but the entire story itself- even ones about major events† (Parenti 54). An example of suppressed issue in the mainstream press is that of the former Vice President Dick Cheney’s speech on October 21, 2009. He gave an important speech about the Center for Security Policy, and it was not televised on any American news or network. Not even Fox News televised this speech. They have, however, posted the speech on their website. Perhaps this deliberate omission of this speech from the news networks occurred because the Bush Administration became less powerful since too many people lost trust in it. Thus, when this particle example was omitted, than we are getting a skewed or biased perspective from Fox News network. Since big conglomerates bought news networks, the definition of â€Å"news† have changed for the past few decades because the profit motives. Before, news was information that is of broad interest to the intended audience. Today, â€Å"news production distortions are of a more political nature and reveal a pattern of bias that favors the dominate class of interests and statist ideology† (Parenti 53). When the president of ABC news was asked â€Å"how has the standard for what qualifies is news has changed because of the pressure profit motives? He responds back by saying it has changed and broadened and not lowered† (News War). An example of â€Å"broaden† news is â€Å"Palin visits Florida town that feted her in 2008† on MSNBC website headline news. This news report made it to the headline not because the public is interested in where Sara Palin visit, but because news produces want more news to fill up the page and to make more profit. Now days, anything can be made news as long as there is a video and a story line that goes with it. Thus, the issue of profit motives serve big conglomerates interest and not the public nterest as it once was. News media definition have shifted from public interest news to profit motive news, from fair and truthful news to political bias and inaccurate news. We live in a time where newspapers are not sufficient anymore, internet and TV are easier to access and cost less. However, it is very difficult to supply enough news to fill a whole page of website and a whole hour of TV news. Thus, to make profit the internet and TV, big private conglomerates decided to soften the news content to occupy the extra time thats left from the real important news. News content became more politically biassed, more entertaining, and more profitable. News is being selectively â€Å"siding with those who have powers, position, and wealthy†(Parenti 54). By covering news, politics, weather, sports, entertainment, and vital events, the daily media shape the dominant cultural, social and political picture of our society, only, instead of the real important issues of the cultural, social, and political picture of our society. Works Cited New York Times Service. â€Å"Economists Question Accuracy of Picture from Economic Data. San Diego Union Tribune 9 Nov. 2009: A6. News War: What’s Happening to the News. Prods. Stephen Talbot and Lowell Bergman. Frontline. PBS. WGBH Educational Foundation, 2007. â€Å"Palin visits Florida town that feted her in 2008. † 24 Nov. 2009. MSNBC. 24 Nov. 2009 . Parenti, Michael. Inventing Reality. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1993. New York Times Service. â€Å"Economists Question Accuracy of Picture from Economic Data. † San Diego Union Tribune 9 Nov. 2009: A6. â€Å"RAW DATA: Dick Cheney's Remarks to the Center for Security Policy. † 21 Oct. 2009. FOX News. 24 Nov. 2009 . News Media They are often misrepresented by editors in order to make them more appealing to the viewer. For example, take this Big Mac from McDonald's. Here, advertisers have used a false portrayal of the real Big Mac to manipulate It's viewers to want to the buy their product. Similarly to advertises misleading us, so too does the media In their depiction of conveying real life Issues and events through the use of language features. Good morning/afternoon fellow classmates, today I am here to discuss the misrepresentations displayed in news articles.Recently, there has been a controversy between bikes and Campbell Newsman's new anti-bike laws. In the articles titled This Brisbane man posted a menacing video warning the premier. Police say he's done nothing wrong' by Robin Ironsides, and ‘Senior police packing heat' by Thomas Chamberlain and David Murray, both authors convey an unfair representation of the groups of bikes within society. These groups are often marginal's and authors portr ay them negatively based upon stereotypes. Together, these articles demonstrate the Inaccurate representations of bless as minorities.The article Senior police packing heat' published by the Courier Mall on the 1 lath of November (201 3), describes the Queensland Police battle against the belle legislation. Through closer examination, It Is clear that the authors, Thomas Chamberlain and David Murray have created a biased depiction of motorcycle groups though the utilization of language techniques such as evaluative language, repetition and actions. The headings of newspaper articles are considered to be one of the most important aspects of the text as it aims to engage and catch the reader's attention.The title Senior police packing heat' is a great example of an attention grabbing heading; however, it incorporates a negative connotation about motorcycle groups. The phrase â€Å"packing heat,† is quite alarming as it coincides with the Queensland Police Union's action to take stand in preparation for their fight against the bless. Here, Chamberlain and Murray have stereotyped all forms of motorcycle gangs to perceive them as criminals, or Involved In criminal activity. As a result, the government has made legislations against the entire belle population to stop their true as motorcyclists in order to prevent violent and illegal acts.The authors have also used repetition and actions to clearly show Queensland bikes as an infamous group to reinforce to the reader about their destructive prominence in society. Through the actions of Commissioner Ian Stewart, Chamberlain and Murray have successfully showed the Queensland Police Unions considerations to â€Å"allow some district duty officers to carry RE . 223 carbines with telescopic sights in their vehicles. † â€Å"These are very, very high powered weapons and they need to be handled very, very ruefully. The repetition of â€Å"very,† emphasizes the dangers and threats posed to us by the bi kes and outlines how much care â€Å"SENIOR police† should take. This showcases that the people Involved in motorcycle groups are considered to be criminals and or Involved In criminal actively as their behavior in society Is alleged to be Illegal. Similarly, the article entitled ‘This Brisbane man posted a menacing video warning the Premier. Police say he's done nothing wrong' Published by the to Premier Campbell Newman and his family.However, after deconstructing the article, it is clearly shown that investigators could not identify any signs of criminal offence behind the menacing video. Through the utilization of language features such as emotive language and intensifiers, Ironsides has portrayed the offender as a mysterious man alleged to be involved in criminal activities. This emotive language is depicted in the second stanza of the article. Ironsides states that the â€Å"Queensland Police Service confirmed investigators† that the man responsible was not persecuted of any illegal acts.This indicates that the man behind the online video criticizing the State Governments â€Å"anti-bike laws† has not been found to commit any signs of criminal offence. Despite this, the author has created an undesirable representation of motorcycle minorities through the use of intensifiers. She writes that the â€Å"masked man† involved in the online video criticized the Vicious Lawless Association Disestablishment. † This implies that although the man was not committed of any lawless offence, he was assumed to be a dangerous figure in society.Here, the author has represented this group of people in a negative manner through a careful election of deceptive techniques. To reinforce this statement, Ironsides has incorporated a visual element in her article that portrays the alleged offender to have committed the series of threats to Campbell Newman and his family. This picture displays the masked man giving an inappropriate gesture t owards authority, therefore, reinforcing our negative perceptions of bike groups. Every day, journalists are entrusted with the task of delivering unbiased events and issues to the public.However, editors regularly bypass this expectation, and instead serpentine the story to what was actually being conveyed in order to manipulate readers to perceive something the way they want you to. This technique was used by Robin Ironsides in her article titled ‘This Brisbane man posted a menacing video warning the Premier. Police say he's done nothing wrong,' and Thomas Chamberlain and David Murray in their article ‘Senior police packing heat'. In these articles both authors have represented bike minorities in a bias and negative manner. They have portrayed all motorcyclists groups as criminals who are involved in illegal activities.

Kite Runner Essay Essay

â€Å"There are only really a few stories to tell in the end, and betrayal and the failure of love is one of those good stories to tell†- Sean Lennon. Khaled Hosseini’s ‘The Kite Runner’ is a story that really is quite relevant to this quote. People might say that it isn’t, but there betrayal in almost every nook and cranny of the story. Betrayal is simply defined as being disloyal to someone, yet it is so much more than that. Betrayal can cause the greatest sadness in life. It can cripple a man’s heart and could be the cause of one’s death. Amir’s betrayal towards Hassan; Baba’s betrayal towards Amir, Hassan and Ali; Rahim Khan’s betrayal towards Amir when he told him to get Sohrab and send him to John and Betty Caldwell. All of them terrible betrayals, but in the end, the reason for each and every person’s weaknesses, but more importantly, their strengths. These are probably what makes the book so interesting. â€Å"†¦The failure of love†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is also a main topic throughout the book, how characters repeatedly disappoint each other, creating hatred, anger, sadness, and eventually even loss. In this book betrayal is the main action, the dominant style and the prevalent idea. I suppose it makes it a lot like real life. The first betrayal mentioned in the book, and possibly the most important one is Amir’s betrayal towards Hassan when he silently watches as Hassan is raped. Throughout the book, Amir remembers, and reminds us of this betrayal towards Hassan and how it was his fault that Hassan was raped and eventually, how it was his fault Hassan was killed. In his letter, Rahim Khan says, â€Å"What you did was wrong, Amir jan, but do not forget that you were a boy when it happened. A troubled little boy. † He was right, it didn’t excuse the mistake Amir had made but it gave him a reason to feel just a tiny bit better about himself. But he didn’t, Amir blamed himself for Hassan’s death, and over time in helped him grow as a person and even become a lot like Baba. He regrets the deed he did and tried to make things right by adopting Hassan’s son and giving him a better life after Hassan was killed. Even then, he goes back on his promise to Sohrab, Hassan’s son, that he would never put him back in an orphanage, causing Sohrab to attempt committing suicide, probably the darkest scene in the entire story. After being discharged from the hospital, Sohrab and Amir go back to San Francisco and from then on Sohrab lives on the periphery of Amir and Soraya’s life. Then finally, Amir is given a chance at redemption at the afghan gathering at the Lake Elizabeth Park in Fremont, when he started flying a kite and Sohrab decides to join him. After cutting down the last kite, Amir asks Sohrab whether or not he wants him to run that kite for him, and Sohrab nods. Then Amir says,’ For you a thousand times over’, the last Hassan had said to Amir before he was raped. The second most important betrayal mentioned in the book, which we find out about near the end of the book is Baba’s betrayal towards Amir, Hassan and Ali. After learning about this Amir’s entire viewpoint of Baba changed. He no longer saw him as a towering figure of Pashtun might and began to see him as a thief, the very thing Baba had said to be the worst sin in the world. Baba’s betrayal had been that he was Hassan’s actual father, because Ali was actually sterile. Amir and Hassan had both grown up unaware of this and Hassan had even died unaware of this. This betrayal caused many unfortunate events. If Amir had known about them being brothers, he might not have let him get raped. If Hassan had known he might not have left with Ali and might not have died. And most importantly Sohrab wouldn’t have to be an orphan. This betrayal caused Amir to travel to Afghanistan and get beaten up greatly by Assef. It was probably the betrayal that caused the most pain to the characters in the book. But it was a necessary act. In Afghan society, honor was and important factor to one’s reputation, and if people had learnt that Hassan, the child of a Hazara woman, was the son of Baba, a greatly respected and highly reputed man, then he would most likely have lost all credibility in his community. Unfortunately the solution he had found for to let Ali think that he was the child’s father. This act took all of Ali’s nang and namoos, his pride and honor, without his even realizing it. The third and of the listed, probably the least important betrayal in the book was Rahim Khan’s betrayal towards Amir when he lied about John and Betty Caldwell saying that Sohrab would be in a safe place with them. After the trauma both Amir and Sohrab go through, it turns out that the Caldwell’s don’t even exist. This was the start of problems for Amir. After he no longer could send Sohrab to the Caldwell’s due to their lack of existence, he had no choice but to adopt him. When he asked, Sohrab didn’t answer just cried into Amir’s shirt. Later when Sohrab has to go to an orphanage so that Amir can complete the adoption process, Sohrab attempts suicide. Finally they make it back to San Francisco where Sohrab is always silent and eventually people begin thinking he is mute. Amir near-death experience and Sohrab’s attempt at suicide could both have been avoided had Rahim Khan not called Amir, but then Amir would never have solved his emotional crisis. So even though it was a betrayal, it was a betrayal that benefitted the people it betrayed. Betrayal and love are two factors that affect almost every emotional decision we make. The decision might benefit one while putting others at a disadvantage. Amir, Baba and Rahim Khan, three of the most influential characters in the story are the ones to tell the biggest lies and cause the most pain. Baba and Amir cause emotional and psychological pain while Rahim Khan’s lie causes Amir a great deal of physical pain as well. But in the end Amir’s lie hurt the people he loved, while Baba and Rahim Khan told lies that benefitted someone in one way or another. In Baba’s lie, Hassan had to make his identity into that of a hazara, causing him to face taunts all the time, but it made it easier for him to be accepted, as much as a hazara is accepted in Afghan society, and saved his own reputation. If he had accepted Hassan as his second son, he would have been ridiculed and they would have to face shame together. Rahim Khan’s lie, while it physically caused Amir a great deal of pain, eventually ended his psychological turmoil and gave Sohrab a new home in which he would be loved. But Amir’s lie only caused pain and suffering for both him and Hassan. Hassan eventually had to leave the house as Amir could no longer tolerate the consequences of what he had done and therefore tried to frame Hassan. After their leaving, every time Baba brought up the topic of Hassan, Amir felt a pang of jealousy and began to have trouble breathing. All in all, all the betrayals in the book, make it better in one way or another because after there are only a few good stories to tell, and the ones of betrayal and the failure of love are the best ones.

A Study on the Effect and Impact of Relocation in the Life of Humans

A Study on the Effect and Impact of Relocation in the Life of Humans Human migration is an essential part of survival. Human beings had always migrated to different parts of the world due to varying reasons. Main factors have always been wars, economy and diseases. Migration of humans not only affects the area from which they migrate, it also affects the country or region to which they are migrating. Politics, economy and social life of the host country suffers from the effects of migration. Depending upon various factors, these effects can be positive or negative. Southern Europe, India, Western Asia, Pre-Columbian America and China have been the target of human migration due to their resources and strategic positions. These countries thrived economically and politically due to human migration because they were able to make the immigrants a part of their society. Human migration can cause serious problems for the host country when the society is unable to integrate the immigrants in the social circle. This situation results in extreme racial problems between the natives and immigrants. Migration can have negative and positive effects on both the host (beneficiary) nation, and the first nation. The beneficiary nation is normally an industrialized nation in Western Europe, or the United States. For these nations, foreigners offer different advantages, for example, the accompanying. Settlers will frequently do tasks that individuals in the host nation will not, or cannot do. Transient specialists frequently work longer hours and for lower pay rates, keeping in mind that is disputable, now and again exploitive, it advantages the host nation. Outsiders, when made to feel welcome in the host society, can add to the differing qualities of that society, which can help with resistance and understanding. For the host nations economy, migrants offer an expanded ability pool, on the off chance that they have been knowledgeable in their unique nation. In any case, there are likewise various downsides. Foreigners can be misused for their shoddy work. Creating nations might endur e cerebrum channel as the restricted assets they spend in teaching their understudies add up to next to no if that ability is lured to another nation. The past connection points of interest this issue further. Migration can likewise draw in criminal components, from trafficking in medications and individuals to different types of wrongdoing and debasement. Movement can turn into a social/political issue, where bigotry can be utilized to endeavor sentiments or as a reason for current troubles of nearby populace. Where there is an observation that migrants and displaced people seem to get a bigger number of advantages than neighborhood destitute individuals, strains and threats can likewise rise. Worries about unlawful migration can overflow to sick emotions towards the greater part of outsiders who are reputable and adding to the economy. Numerous pass on attempting to escape their scrape and this can regularly stand out as truly newsworthy giving the appearance that migration is lar gely illicit and wild. Regardless of what have all the earmarks of being vast populace developments, scientists noticed some time prior that individuals still are not ready to move as uninhibitedly as things? In a few spots everywhere, there are extra limitations being set up on individuals developments. An antiquated human progress is characterized to be in the Bronze Age by either refining its own copper and alloying with tin, arsenic, or different metals, or by exchanging for bronze from generation regions somewhere else. Copper-tin minerals are uncommon, as reflected in the way that there were no tin bronzes in western Asia before exchanging bronze started in the third thousand years BC. Around the world, the Bronze Age largely took after the Neolithic period, however in a few sections of the world, the Copper Age served as a move from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age. In spite of the fact that the Iron Age for the most part took after the Bronze Age, in a few ranges, the Iron Age encroached straightforwardly on the Neolithic from outside the district. The improvement of states—vast scale, crowded, politically concentrated, and socially stratified nations/social orders administered by capable rulers—marks one of the significant turning points in the advancement of human social orders. Archeologists regularly recognize essential (or perfect) states and auxiliary states. Essential states advanced autonomously through generally inward formative procedures as opposed to through the impact of some other prior state. The most punctual known essential states showed up in Mesopotamia ca. 3800 B.C., in Egypt ca. 3400 BC., in the Indus Valley ca. 2600 B.C., India ca 1800 B. C., and in China ca. 1700 B.C. As they communicated with their less created neighbors through exchange, fighting, relocation, and more summed up ideological impacts, the essential states straightforwardly or in a roundabout way encouraged the development of optional states in encompassing territories, for instance, the Hittites in Anatolia, the Minoan and My cenaean conditions of the Aegean, or the Nubian kingdoms in the Sudan. Teacher Gil Stein at the University of Chicago Oriental Institute expresses The unearthing and archeological studies of the most recent couple of decades have immeasurably expanded both the amount and nature of what we think about antiquated states and urbanism. Archeologists have expanded the extent of their exploration past the conventional spotlight on rulers and urban elites. Flow examine now goes for comprehension the part of urban ordinary people, make masters, and town based ranchers in the general association of old states and social orders. Given the massive geological extension incorporated by the expression the Ancient World. The specialty of iron generation from metal emerged regarding the acts of copper and lead advances in Anatolia, in northern Syria and perhaps at the same time in some portion of Iran. Iron metals were included as fluxes for treatment of sulfide copper minerals. Iron drops, which the neighborhood makers distinguished officially 3100 years BC, contrasting these and meteoritic iron, as of now alluded to the presence of the likelihood of delivering iron, yet this just happened essentially 16 centuries later. Since that time, it is important to figure that just little measures of this, in that time, uncommon metal committed to the most astounding strata of populace or to the sovereigns and their courts could escape this range, most likely as blessings just. Antiquated Egyptians record broad contact in their Western desert with individuals that seem to have been Berber or proto-Berber, and Nubians from the south. As the rock craftsmanship discoveries in the Sahara have demonstrated, the Sa hara likewise facilitated different populaces before its fast desertification in 3600 B.C. whats more, even today keeps on facilitating little populaces of traveling trans-Saharan people groups.

Unit 8 Application 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Unit 8 Application 1 - Essay Example es in recruitment, include Medical/Healthcare, Engineering/Technical services, Information Technology, Professional positions, Executive positions and international Recruitment. However, clients who come up with staffing needs that the organization does not serve are not turned away, but it recruits specialists in that field on contract to undertake the recruitment for that specific organization. Being one of the leading recruitment agencies in US, the organization’s size comes with a total number of 28 staff members, who are involved in different functions in the organization. The organization also takes recruiters on contract during hiring, whenever the organization has inadequate recruiters (Heneman, Judge and Kammeyer-Mueller, 2012). Most of the employees in the organization are recruited directly by the organization from its large database of job seekers, which greatly minimizes recruitment costs for the organization. Most of the internal recruiters in the organization have different recruitment expertise and specializations to serve different client needs (Gully and Phillips, 2010). In this paper, the focus will be on the Senior Recruiter Job position at the USA Staffing Network, Inc. In order to get the right information and as much detailed as possible, it was important to take up a middle level or senior position in recruitment organization, which would provide the desired information in this study. Consequently, the Senior Recruiter Job position was a favorite choice. The choice of this job position is informed by the fact that it has a high responsibility at the organization and hence the person in-charge is very knowledgeable of the various function of the organization (Gully and Phillips, 2010). Further, the person has a wide experience working as a recruiter and hence will give a more detailed insight in to how recruitment and staffing organizations functions. The Senior Recruiter in a staffing organization is a crucial person in the core

Computer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Computer - Assignment Example (cover story). 2011). Previously, bill gates was on top of the list for richest people in world, he lost the spot because he generously donated $ 28 billion for Melinda Gates Foundation, the largest private endowment fund in the world (Gates gives away title of worlds richest man. 2011). Moreover, he and Melinda Gates Foundation also donated $5 million to OCLC for enhancing and improving a public information campaign that is designed to upsurge library support. The library will test material including advertising, direct marketing, and grassroots initiatives-will be made available next year to the library community at large (Oder, Albanese et al. 2009). Currently Bill gates have resigned from Microsoft but he is still the chairman of the board of directors. There is no doubt that bill gates has led Microsoft to be one of the most successful technology based organization in history, as Microsoft products interacts with each of us in any way or the other in this modern era. Likewise, B ill Gates is also considered to be ‘lucky’, as both Gates and Paul Allen established Microsoft in 1975 (Cusumano 2009). The main purpose was to develop a programming language for a desktop computer that was not yet available in the markets. Moreover, Gates was successful in achieving a contract from IBM in 1980 – 1981 to construct the code for Disk Operating System (DOS) (Cusumano 2009). However, bill gates violated the contracted because he was not an expert of making operating systems and IBM at that time was not expert either for making an efficient operating system including processor architecture and design. However, the processor architecture and design was managed by Intel. Moreover, Gates proficiency can be defined as a professional and cunning hacker with infinite or little management skills (Cusumano 2009). The success of Microsoft

E COMMERCE @ AMAZON OPM 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

E COMMERCE @ AMAZON OPM 5 - Essay Example No geographical boundaries limit online transactions. Huge market penetration allows companies to gain popularity overnight without much cost. Another huge advantage that e-commerce has to offer is they can effectively evaluate the response to a particular campaign online with the help of tools like frequent visitors etc. Like any other business, online selling has its set of disadvantages. The biggest disadvantage is the lack of direct contact between the sales force and the customers. All the transactions take place online, limiting contact. Another disadvantage is the security issues that are rising in this medium of selling. With fraudulent activities on the rise, companies selling online now have to take expensive measures to protect the important credentials of their customers such as credit card numbers etc. These measures cannot be taken by small businesses limited on budgets and spending. Another important issue is the delivery of goods over the whole world. This problem however, has been counteracted by Amazon who now has alliances with different companies to deliver goods to various places all over the world. Also, perishable items have to be delivered on time, which requires exceptionally quick service. This problem has also been covered by Amazon as it is test marketing its service of de livering goods overnight in certain suburbs of Seattle. Books are one of the best selling products on Amazon.com. Many books are now available in formats which are downloadable. However, this phenomenon is not very popular. If online downloading of books start, Amazon will be faced by a downfall in sales and share price to a certain extent as one of their main products will not be available online. However, they can venture into this market of downloadable book purchase as well, to make up for the loss on their other sector. In short, Amazon has all the resources to venture into the market of downloadable books as well; they can take full

Part 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Part 3 - Essay Example The swimming exercise lengthens the lower and upper body. The stretching that one does using their arms and legs pushes the swimmer through the water. The safety in the water is high since there is no impact involved. This security reduces the risk of getting injured in the course of swimming, making it a safe and efficient exercise for joint flexibility. It is a necessary activity when one requires stretching shoulder and elbow joints in the arm and muscles and joints of the legs. The third exercise for improving flexibility in the joints of the body is stationary rowing. This exercise involves making movements with the upper body as if one is rowing a boat. This exercise is a cardiovascular one and extends and contracts all the muscles and joints of the lower and upper body. This training is necessary for improving the knee, shoulder and elbow joints. The fourth exercise is Pilates. It engages the abdominal muscles and improves the mobility of joints. The shallow and profound breaths that take place during Pilates promote flexibility and relaxation. This exercise is necessary for improving the range of motion in one’s joints (Watkins, 1988). Watkins, R., & Buhler, B. (1988). The water workout recovery program: Safe and painless exercises for treating back pain, muscle tears, tendinitis, sports injuries, and more. Chicago: Contemporary

Build Environment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Build Environment - Assignment Example Since there is no open space on both sides of the building, the structure can be insulated, steed aided, glass tinted with base insulators. Steel can be chosen for this building alongside timber and concrete work. Steel doesn't rust fast it is immune to creatures such as insects and termites, therefore, there less need for insecticides and pesticides. Steel is not combustible, and we can safely say that it is fireproof. Steel can withstand natural turbulence such as earthquakes, hurricanes and tornadoes. It has much earthing protection from lightning strikes. There would be less fear of the load bearing in placing interior walls because steel allows greater design in flexibility. In modern structures, the combination of steel and timber is a good choice. Steel framed buildings with glass panels and wood or timber would make a good combination to the conditions sited. Light framed structures of aluminium, steel and large glass panels are to be considered in this structure. Insulating concrete with the use of foam forms filled with concrete and structural insulated, foam panels faced with oriented strand board or (a good alternative) fibre cement, can both be used, as well as light gauge steel framing and the more detailed heavy-gauge steel framing. Because of its location, brick and block construction could be an option. Large glass panels are best for the front and rear side of the structure. Natur ally stained wood panels or danarra plywood is a good material for the woodworks of the building. Wood is a light material and it adds beauty when properly set. Aside from the use of the building for hotel and office spaces the location is most likely to be very suitable for commercial purposes. The ground floor of the building can be converted into commercial spaces. The office spaces can occupy the second floor up to the 10th floor. The hotel rooms would be on the 11th floor and up. A fire escape is to be located at the both ends of the building aside from a stairs that is to be build inside the building. The design of the stairs is one that goes around the elevator which is to be situated in the middle of the building. The front and back of the building will be covered with large glass panels. A separate comfort room for the male and female users are to be installed in every storey of the building. In providing a development of Fire Management Strategy for the building, a step by step guide to follow is recommended to assist them to comply with the requirements of Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005. A fire safety strategy is neede d to give satisfaction to the functional requirement of the building. The fire safety measures must have the adequacy of means to prevent fire. There must be early warnings by automatic detection. The standard means of escape must be provided. There is also the provision for smoke control and control of rate of fire growth. The standard of active measures for fire extinguishment and control, the facilities to assist the fire service, training of staff in fire safety and fire routines, the continued control under other legislation to maintain and test fires safety measures and management of fire safety are considered. In understanding the nature of service installations from the builder's perspective, the importance of building services must be identified together with the methods used for fire protection. The (building regulations 2000), Approved Document B is the guidance on how to meet the

SWOT Analysis of Lesson Plans Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

SWOT Analysis of Lesson Plans - Assignment Example An immediate awareness of the shortcomings of anyone’s teaching can be achieved by the kind of review of actual lessons â€Å"after the fact† engaged in above. This is certainly a worthwhile and effective process, in line with the thinking of numerous writers in the field. A reflective, innovative approach is necessary (Hattie, 2003). Central to the practice of my teaching is a need to make decisions regarding the precise and exact intention of particular lessons. While I do believe that I want to achieve an inclusive, diversity-embracing classroom experience for students, the exact aims and outcomes of my lessons are sometimes not clear to the students, and perhaps not even to me. A clear and communicative statement of what we hope to achieve is necessary in every lesson and I will be sure to formulate this exactly in future lessons. I am of the opinion that it is essential to respect the originating cultures and identities of the ESL students I teach (see: Ashman, 2009, and others). Sometimes I do not achieve this ideal as the content I work with covers only the Australian experience – I believe this is so because I am concentrating on ensuring that my students become comfortable and familiar with their adopted culture. This is not a bad thing, but I do aim to provide more opportunities for students to share their cultures and identities with one another in class, while not neglecting the improvement of their knowledge and familiarity with Australian contexts. Tied to the opinion above is the idea that the content we are working with should be accessible to the students, and interesting to them within their experience. If they are able to connect the content we are dealing with to prior learning and earlier experiences and knowledge, I am certain their progress will be more effective (Davis, Sumara, & Luce-Kapler, 2008). My personal relationship with students and my interactions with them do, I believe, reflect mutual respect, and my acknowledgement and appreciation for their cultures, but it is also true that I could incorporate this attitude into the actual practice of my teaching, in line with UNESCO (2001) guidelines. It is difficult for me to release some control of assessment in the classroom: my instinct is to want to measure and grade student achievement myself exclusively. Yet, on the occasions when I do ask students to assist one another, and even to point out one another’s errors, they do manage to do so effectively. The incorporation of peer teaching is relatively simple for me; the incorporation of peer assessment is something I will have to work on. Black and Dylan (2001) encourage a highly interactive, dynamic assessment environment, which I would like to emulate. Timing is something which I also have to concentrate on. There have been occasions when the work I assigned to one group of student – for example the Beginner students – was complete long before I had finished with the other group of more advanced students. A focus on getting to know the learning pace and the learning style of each of my students is something I aspire to. Individualised learning is something a successful teacher must be able to come to grips with (Hattie, 2003). When students are paired up, and work together, or are given sufficient reading, with dictionary work tied to it, I find that there is enough time to get to each student, and to deal with differing ability groups effectively. This is, though, not always easy to predict.

Isaac Newton on essence of God Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Isaac Newton on essence of God - Essay Example First was the admission that there are no causes of natural things that are true or sufficient in explaining their appearance (Newton, 54). The second rule is that due to lack of truth and sufficiency in the explanation of appearance of things, same natural effects must be assigned to the same cause. Here, he gave the example of how man and beast respire as well the difference of light from culinary fire and that from the sun. Third example was that of qualities belonging to bodies that humans can have access to during experiments and therefore such qualities can be esteemed as the universal qualities for all bodies. From this rule he deduced that all bodies are impermeable and are movable, endowed with some powers that help them in resisting motion (Newton, 54). In addition, all bodies gravitate towards the earth with a proportion of their quantity of matter. Examples of such are the way the sea gravitate towards the moon or the motion of planets towards each other. According to Newton, God is the overall creator of the universe. He states that â€Å"this most beautiful system of the sun, planets and comets could only proceed from the counsel and dominion of an intelligent and powerful Being.

Examples Of Nonverbal Communication Essay Example for Free

Examples Of Nonverbal Communication Essay There are several types of nonverbal communication that may be evaluated on the basis of certain examples, that will help you understand the nuances of this complicated form of communication. Facial Expressions When reading facial expressions, some of these examples may help: While maintaining eye contact is a sign of confidence and positivity, avoiding eye contact is one of the most clear negative nonverbal communication examples. This implies that the person may be lying, or fears confrontation. The smile is another give-away when it comes to facial expressions. While a soft smile is a soft expression that is encouraging, a rigid smile or a smirk may be a sign of contempt. Raised eyebrows are not only a sign of surprise, they can also suggest mockery or sarcasm. It may be a natural physical trait of some people, and they may do it without realizing. However, it is important to know the kind of effect it is having on others. Frowning is another facial expression that we tend to assume when under stress. This gives out the message that we are unapproachable and cold. Posture and other Movements Postures are included in nonverbal communication and may be explained with a few of these examples: Standing erect shows confidence, but if you are slouching it is a sign of low self-esteem and a stance that you have given up. Keeping shoulders rigid again give a sign that you may be unapproachable, and may affect the kind of people you attract towards you. Constant fiddling with everything in sight is a sign of anxiety, frustration, boredom and lack of interest. Standing with your hands crossed behind you, combined with your facial expressions may be a clear sign of anger or frustration that you are trying to hold back. Gestures Gestures animate the conversations we have with others. We point, we wave and use all sorts of body language gestures while we are talking. For instance, you may constantly be rubbing your neck, or your the back of your ear. This is a sign of discomfort and lack of confidence. If you are angry, you may be clenching your fists to control your anger, or in preparation for a physical  attack! Rubbing hands together indicates excitement and indicates readiness to engage in an activity. Shrugging may show a lack of interest. Touch Even touch plays an important role in nonverbal communication. For instance: When your boss is praising you, and pats you on the back, it is a sign of genuine liking for you and your work. A firm handshake is the sign of confidence. We all know the reassuring effect of a warm bear hug. Someone who holds your arms while talking is either trying to make a statement, or to portray that he/she is in control. Space We all have a physical space around us. Sometimes we find people invading that personal space. It may be to portray any of the following: Intimacy Affection Dominance Aggression

Peter Skyrznecki Essay Example for Free

Peter Skyrznecki Essay Our idea of belonging is a result of the choices that we make. We feel a sense of acceptance wherever we choose to belong. This is explored in Peter Skrzyneckis poem Feliks Skrzynecki and St Patricks showed the ides of alienation and belonging. They are shown through various techniques such as an allusion, direct speech and many more poetic techniques. Feliks Skrzynecki is a poem that shows a tribute to Peter Skrzyneckis father. Through the use of powerful and vivid imagery, the poet successfully conveys Feliks as a man who is comfortable, content and secure in his own identity. In this poem, concepts of belonging and not belonging occur within place, family, community and culture. The first stanza emphasizes the idea of belonging. Feliks sets standards of his own minds making. He is comfortable in belonging to his own world, his garden, family and cultural heritage. This is further emphasized through the use of the simile loved his garden like an only child which demonstrates the love he possessed for his garden. The garden can also be interpreted as Feliks constructed world: a place he escapes to in order to feel a sense of belonging. The garden is also the reward for his hard work. Skrzynecki’s poem ‘St. Patricks College’ displays how a sense of belonging is influenced by external forces. For someone to belong to something they must make their own decisions in life, understand their surroundings and build relationships with those around them. These qualities are lacked by Skrzynecki in ‘St. Patrick’s College’ which resulted in him not belonging. Skrzynecki was sent to this school because his mother was ‘only wanting, â€Å"what was best†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. The direct speech is a cliche as every parent wants what is best for their child. The irony of the situation was that ‘for eight years’ sending Skrzynecki to St. Patrick’s College ‘Wasn’t â€Å"for the best†. He did not understand the ways of the school which led to his lack of belonging. The repetition of the phrase ‘for eight years’ reinforces how long the alienation and detachment lasted for, the feeling of not belonging did not change for eight years. The use of the personal pronoun ‘I’ throughout the poem gives a dreary, detached tone which emphasises his loneliness. No relationships with students, teachers or anyone else at the school were formed over his time there. The time at the school was useless as highlighted by ‘I could say the lord’s prayer in Latin, all in one breath. ’ He claims that as what he received from eight years at the school, a useless skill. Skrzynecki found it so hard to belong to St. Patrick’s College because the decision to go to the school was not his own, he did not understand his surroundings and he did not build any relationships with those around him. In Conclusion the ability to belong can be affected by understanding, choices, culture, relationships and experience. In the poem â€Å"Feliks Skrzynecki† showed the sense of belonging in the respective place, like his garden. In contrast, the poem â€Å"St Patricks College† showed that Skrzynecki lacked in building any relationship with those around him. Peter Skrzynecki used various to show the alienation and belonging in the poems â€Å"Feliks Skrzynecki† and St Patricks College†.

Movie Analysis Of Slumdog Millionaire Film Studies Essay

Movie Analysis Of Slumdog Millionaire Film Studies Essay The object that I have chosen is a film called Slumdog Millionaire (2008). The movie, directed by Danny Boyle, received 8 Oscar awards for excellence in the fields like Direction, Cinematography, Film Editing, Sound Mixing, Original Score and Original Song. The movie is an adaption of a novel Q A written by the proclaimed Indian author and diplomat, Vikas Swarup. The movie is set in an Indian backdrop and the story revolves around an uneducated Muslim boy named Jamaal, and about his journey from the slums in a typical rags to riches background. The story begins with Jamaal and his brothers life in slums, and how they were left homeless after a Hindu Muslim riot which kills their mother. It continues with their journey to other cities and finally ends at Kaun Banega Crorepati (Indian adaption of Who Wants to be a Millionaire) where he wins the contest using the knowledge he had picked up during his impoverished life. Other than the several accolades, the film also faced criticism for the ugly potrayal of India and the abusive language that was used. In the following paragraphs, I would be analyzing the movie in terms of genres that it potrayed. Genre is a French term used for type. It is a term that has existed since very early times in cinema. Some frequently used genres are romance, crime, comedy , fantasy or actuality, drama, thriller, horror, suspense, cowboy, art/ independent(class note). Basically it is a repetition of certain features while making a film, that later act as a genesis for its identification under a specific genre. But gradually, it was realized that such a narrowed down approach of filmmaking and categorization lead to productions that were repetitive and predictable. Thus arose the need for genre films to be not just more of the same but also something different. This lead to an interesting phenomenon of categorizing the same movie in various genres like drama, action, mystery etc. Such movies are called multi genre films. It has been claimed that the more recent movies target consciously for genre cross-over. This concept of cross-over results in multi genre films that can be described as postmodern in terms of cinema. The amalgamation of genres leads to mixing of the already existing genres and thus generates new possibilities. The mixing together of genres is often referred to as bricolage, and such films are called hybrids. In bricolage, one can often observe elements of various different films that are grouped together. Why? Why limit a film to one set of emotions when it has the potential to explore so much more? Danny Boyle The concept of multi genres can be clearly seen in the movie Slumdog Millionaire. The genres identified are romance, drama and crime. The story told in the film seems to be a retold from the movie Salaam Bombay, which is story of a young boy Chaipu who is left homeless and lives on the streets of Bombay. The story is about how he survives by doing odd jobs at a very young age and struggles to overcome the harsh reality of the metropolitan that is Bombay. One can easily draw a parallel between Chaipu in Salaaam Bombay and Jamaals character in Slumdog Millionaire (Infact the first reaction of Indian audience to Slumdog Millionaire was its comparison to Salaam Bombay). The other elements of the movie such as the underworld, crime and Hindu-Muslim riots in the city of Mumbai have been portrayed in a far more realistic way in movies Satya [INSERT YEAR] , Sadak[] and Bombay[]. The ending of the movie is rather happy where Jamaal finally reunites with his ladylove and also miraculously wins the show Who Wants To Be A Millionaire. These joyful endings have been prevalent in cinema for a long time. The theme of the movie is formulaic and seems to be a repetition of the previous movies based on the same lines. Genres can also be discussed in relation to industry, market and the audience. The industry makes film as long as there is a demand from the audience. The categorization of films into genres basically enables the industry to divide the range of movies that be made and thus sets a clear demarcation. The study of movies of different genres in the market gives a good idea of the response of the audience and thus on the basis of this study of most profitable response, movie of the same genre are made. A particular type of genre movie tries to specialize at the majority of the levels so as to maximize the possibility of profits. Analyzing Slumdog Millionaire in this light we can notice that the use of locations, props, actors has been carefully chosen according to the genre and script of the movie. As the movie is about a young, homeless, uneducated Indian boy and all the hardships he goes through, it was very crucial for the movie to use the appropriate locations and props. The location chosen for the shooting was the city of Mumbai itself. The young star cast of the are the in fact children of the slums which lends a very original effect to the movie. The director very cleverly chose the other actors as well keeping in mind the International and the Indian audience. The actors are mostly debutants and fit completely in the non-glamorous portrayals of the roles. The international audiences have a stereo typical image of the Asian cinema and the director has kept this in mind while choosing the various aspects of the movie Genre films have a deep impact on the social and cultural contexts. These films act as cultural products; which might carry the dominant and prevalent ideologies of the society in which they are produced. Though more than often films are not a reflection of the real society but instead are based on common perception of the society. The following two texts relate to the genre in movies. I have tried to analyze Slumdog Millionaire in the light of these two texts: Moral issues are raised, questions are asked and answers given. We are invited to evaluate a characters actions and imaginary solutions are offered to real problems within the society If we look at the movie Slumdog Millionaire, it has showcased many problems like poverty, crime, trickery and deception in a rather exaggerated way and in the end the solution offered an imaginary solution would make sense only in a fantasy land. An instance of the imaginary solution in the movie is that the boy who grew up without any education whatsoever starts tricking non hindi speaking tourists with impeccable English and later in the movie locates his brother using a computer. This is just something fantastical which fills people with hope and optimism, and makes them believe that there is a solution all problems. This is something that definitely does not happen in the real world, but the movie came out at a time when the world was witnessing one of the greatest recessions of all time, and almost everybody faces a bleak future. At this time, the movie gave the solution to the society that it so much wanted to believe. It could be claimed that such films (genre movies) are not reflections of society but are particular perceptions of a society. How we see such films might ultimately be determined by whether or not recurring patterns and themes can be identified In Slumdog Millionaire, the director has made use of the emotions of audience. It is made in way that it draws sympathy from the Western world and re-affirms their age old opinion about India. The plot in the movie doesnt speak about anything that a modern developing economy boasts of (a common example of this is the fact that many foreigners still think of India as a land of snake charmers in US, whereas I am yet to see a single snake charmer in my 24 years of stay in India). Genre films sometimes challenge dominant ideas, question cultural values and this just leaves a more positive and optimistic effect on people as they do not find themselves helplessly tied to a societys belief system. In this context the film Slumdog Millionaire challenges the fact that an uneducated and lowly placed person in society can get as big a success as winning the mega jackpot. This theme subtly re-assures the audience that despite their short comings, they could also be the next Jamaal. Also, in an u nderlying theme of the Good overcoming the evil makes the movie adjust to the perception of the audience. The fact that Jamaal even after being embroiled in so many nasty incidents and pot holes of crime and vulgarity, remains good, and ultimately wins the jackpot. This plays on the audiences wish to see the ending that they sub-consciously believe in, and want to see on screen, even if that doesnt make much sense in reality. To conclude, we can say that Slumdog Millionaire is a movie that was packaged very deftly into the genres that were decided for it by the movie-makers. From the point of view of culture, audience and industry, the movie weaves itself perfectly into the landscape it aspires to project itself into. The movie was hit on a global scale, and after analyzing the intelligent inter-play of genres, the underlying rags to riches theme, satisfying the audiences sub-conscious desires irrespective of location and releasing at a time when the world was in recession, seems but a powerful potion for a massive on on-screen success.

Gangs - Gang Members Need Love :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Gangs - Gang Members Need Love Although gang members insist that gangs are the only way to ensure success today, others maintain that the only way to survive is to eliminate them. Many gangs threaten the safety of everyone in their 'hood (territory or neighborhood). Innocent people living in gang war-torn towns live in constant fear of death. However, for children who have no one to look up to and no future to look forward to, gangs can become their surrogate family. Gangs are not only a set of friends or a nights activity. Gangs are a way of life. There is no way to eliminate them, but changing the violent nature of many gangs is possible. Admittedly, gangs cause many serious problems, but they could end up helping more people than they hurt. A gang can be defined as a group of people who unite to serve a common purpose and engage in violent or otherwise criminal behavior. (http://www.ci.torrance.ca.us) The types of crimes committed by gang members differ between gangs, but the crimes generally associated with gangs include vandalism, robbery, drug-trafficking, assault, arson, and murder. There are many reasons why teenagers may join gangs. The root causes of violent gang formation are poverty, stressed families, unemployment, under-employment, under-education, racism, and the breakdown of sociocultural institutions. (http://www.instanet.com) Many people join gangs for protection from violent people in other gangs. (http://www.public.iastate.edu) Other people join gangs for the sense of family that comes along with it. The youth gang satisfies a void - the child's desire to feel secure. It provides the child with a sense of identity, belonging, power, and protection. The gang provides a protective barrier against the outs ide world. (http://www.highways.com) Gang life is dangerous and often deadly for the people directly involved and for their friends and family. However, not all those maimed or murdered are gang members or those connected with them. Innocent people are often caught in the crossfire and injured or killed. In some areas, as many as half of the victims of all gang murders are innocent bystanders. Their only mistake is being in the wrong place at the wrong time. (Osman 53) As Detective T. Wessel told the LA Times in October of 1991, "It's like bullets are flying everywhere. And where they land, heaven only knows." (Osman 55) Each gang has its own turf and graffiti marks its boundaries. Anyone not belonging in the area and who resembles a rival gang member may become the subject of an attack.

Exploring the Transformation of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca in The Narra

In "The Narrative of Cabeza de Vaca", Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca’s fight for survival, while being deprived of the basic necessities of life, proves there is a change in him from the beginning of the narrative to the end. This transformation, though, affected multiple aspects of de Vaca, including his motives, character, and perspective of civilization. Cabeza de Vaca’s experience is crucial to the history of America, as well as Spain, because it was one of the first accounts that revealed a certain equilibrium between the mighty and superior Spaniard and the Indian, once the Spaniard was stripped of his noble stature. The idea of nakedness is consistent throughout the narrative and conveys the tribulations he experienced and a sort of balance between him and the Indians. The original intentions of conquering and populating the area between Florida and a northern part of Mexico quickly shifted Cabeza de Vaca’s focus to the need to survive. His encounter with diff erent Indian tribes and ability to get along with them (no matter what the means), and then prosper as a medicine man, shows that through his beliefs in Christian faith, and in himself, he turned the failure into an unexpected success. The nature of the Narvaez expedition was intended to be like that of any other Spanish exploration to the New World. Panfilo de Narvaez, who was selected as governor of Florida and who financed the expedition, was also appointed the commander in chief by emperor Charles V. Cabeza de Vaca was appointed royal treasurer of the voyage for his brightness and noble character. The Spaniards were to conquer the land of Florida in the name of the Charles V and the nation of Spain. They expected to take on and overcome any natives who got in their way and to reap all of the wealth and materials of worth that they came across. When the ships arrived at the western coastline of Florida, they were greeted with a storm. This was just a sign of things to come for the fleet. The storm forced the ships to land at a different bay than what they planned on. From this point the governor wanted to move inland and explore the terrain. Meanwhile he also wanted the ships to sail along the coast until they r eached the correct bay. This commenced the downfall of the conquest. Cabeza de Vaca, as well as the commissary and other elites on the expedition, tried to persuade the governor that ... ...survival. Cabeza de Vaca cannot thank God enough for carrying him through the terrible times that he and the few remaining Spaniards went through as captives of the Indians. He feels a sort of accomplishment for making it through and comes out with a better appreciation for life. After experiencing what it was like to have been an Indian and a slave, and after being on the verge of death several times, the fact that Cabeza de Vaca was able to keep his composure and take each day at a time is astonishing. Of course, like a worthy Christian, Cabeza de Vaca gives God all of the credit in the world for his survival and success. However, it is Cabeza de Vaca’s faith in himself and determination that allow him to survive and go through the changes that he makes. It is almost a riches to rags, and back to riches story. However, the riches at the outcome of the expedition are far different from the riches going in. These new riches are not measured in gold or land, but in the appr eciation for human life and the struggle for survival which made a better man out of him. Work Cited Alvar Nunez Cabeza De Vaca. "The Narrative of Cabeza de Vaca" University of Nebraska Press, 2003.

Toward a Scotistic Modal Metaphysics :: Philosophy Philosophical Essays

Toward a Scotistic Modal Metaphysics ABSTRACT: The problem I tackle in this essay is: Do we have in Scotus a modal logic or a counterpart theory? We need to take a rather roundabout path to handle this problem. This is because, whether it be in Lewis's original formulation or in others' applications, the crucial concept of 'counterpart' has never been clearly explicated. In section two, I shall therefore examine the recent controversy concerning Leibniz's views on modalities which centers around the counterpart relation. By fully exploiting the lessons learned from such an examination, I shall then launch a trilemma against a Leibnizian in section three. Section four shall make the claim that unlike Leibniz's case, Scotus's position is not endangered by the trilemma. One important premise will be adopted from my thesis presented elsewhere regarding the different between Scotus's haecceitas and Leibniz's individual essence. Another will be secured from a brief report on Scotus's views on similarity, which might be utterl y original to modern eyes jaundiced by contemporary set theories. 1. The Problem: Scotistic Modal Logic vs. Scotistic Counterpart Theory Thanks to the resurgence of interest in modalities in the twentieth century, the history of modal logic has been studied more extensively than ever. One of the more important lessons is that Scotus rather than Leibniz is the father of the modern conception of logical possibility. (1) Insofar as it is not merely historical curiosity but a test of our intuition about modalities that we are interested in the predecessors of modern modal logic, we face the urgent task of reconstructing the Scotistic system of modalities. In fact, Douglas C. Langston recently raised an interesting question as to which way of understanding possible worlds Scotus might endorse: the counterpart view or the canonical view? Based on Ordinatio, Book I, d. 44, q. 1, n. 11, he presents two alternative readings. Ultimately, however, he opts for the counterpart reading on the ground that it is more consistent with Scotus's remarks on how God knows contingents. An important consequence from the counterpart reading is that individuals are "world-bound" for Scotus. (2) Yet Langston's interpretation invites serious criticism. According to Simo Knuuttila, if the individuals in Scotus's model were world-bound, they would not have synchronic de re alternatives, which is not compatible with Scotus's reform in obligational principles. Knuuttila further points out that Scotus's well-known doctrine of human free will excludes the possibility of world-bound individuals.

Financial Literacy Essay

India is among the world’s most efficient financial markets in terms of technology, regulation and systems. It also has one of the highest savings rate in the world – our gross household savings rate, which averaged 19% of gross domestic product (GDP) between 1996-97 and 1999-2000, increased to about 23% in 2003-04 and has been growing ever since. While savings are more in India, where the savings are invested is a cause for concern. Investments by households have been more into either bank fixed deposits, risk-free government-backed securities and low-yielding instruments, or in non-financial assets. A majority of our households do not use modern financial markets. As per an RBI report, only 1. 4% of household savings was invested in equity, mutual funds and debentures in 2003-04. Though this went up to about 4% in 2005-06, it is still very small. Unless the common person becomes a wiser investor and is protected from wrong doings, wealth creation for the investor and the economy will remain a distant dream. We need to convert a country of savers into a nation of investors. Which one should you use? Such questions and choices appear tough to even urban population not to talk of those in rural areas, where most of India’s population is. When it comes to financial solutions, investors tend to use thumb rules or seek advice from friends and relatives, which are often poor approximations compared to those that follow from a systematic process. If they get bad advice, their outcomes will be poor, and they will start to lose faith in the financial sector. A big improvement of financial knowledge of households is necessary so that they participate continuously in financial markets. Financial literacy plays a significant role in the efficient allocation of household savings and the ability of individuals to meet their financial goals. It also means the ability to seek sound financial advice. Financial literacy has assumed greater importance in recent years as financial markets have become increasingly complex and the common man finds it very difficult to make informed decisions. Financial literacy is considered an important adjunct for promoting financial inclusion and ultimately financial stability. Both developed and developing countries, therefore, are focusing on programmes for financial literacy/education. In India, the need for financial literacy is even greater considering the low levels of literacy and the large section of the population, which still remains out of the formal financial set-up. To understand financial planning, a person should be financially literate to understand the importance of preparing household budgets, cash-flow management and asset allocation to meet financial goals. Everyone saves money for future needs but the approach is to save surplus money without preparing household budgets, without prioritizing personal financial goals, without properly allocating investments in different asset classes and without understanding the real rate of return (after adjusting for inflation). Financial literacy has become an immensely popular component of financial reform across the world. As a response to the recent financial crisis, the United States government set up the President’s Advisory Council on Financial Literacy in January 2008, charged with promoting programs that improve financial education at all levels of the economy and helping increase access to financial services. In the developing world, the Indonesian government declared 2008 â€Å"the year of financial education,† with a stated goal of improving access to and use of financial services by increasing financial literacy. Similarly, in India, the Reserve Bank of India launched an initiative in 2007 to establish Financial Literacy and Credit Counseling Centers throughout the country which would offer free financial education and counseling to urban and rural populations. The World Bank also hasn’t been missing out on the trend – it recently approved a $15 million Trust Fund on Financial Literacy. But what do we know about financial literacy? Does it work, and if so, through what mechanisms? Despite the money being ploughed into financial literacy programs, we know very little to address these important questions. While it is true that there is a large and growing body of survey evidence from both developed and developing countries that demonstrate a strong association between financial literacy and household well-being, we are still in the process of learning whether this relationship is causal. While survey analysis can control for all observable variables in the survey questionnaires such as income, gender, age, education, etc. , there may be some unobserved variables, such as ability, that may be driving the positive correlation between financial literacy and use of financial services. In addition, people who choose to participate in surveys or literacy seminars may be quite different in terms of their interests in financial matters, for instance, than those who do not participate. The positive correlations may therefore be driven by endogenous selection. Further, survey evidence cannot distinguish the direction of causality: greater financial literacy may lead to greater use of financial services, or just as likely, individuals who use more financial services may score better on financial literacy assessments based on their experience in financial markets. Experimental studies on financial literacy, similar to medical drug trials, allow for overcoming the problems of selection and endogeneity that are associated with survey analysis. There are only a handful of completed studies on financial literacy, though more are in the pipeline. In the developed world, research evidence that financial education can affect decision-making comes from a randomized evaluation conducted at a major university in the United States. Duflo and Saez (2003) implemented an â€Å"encouragement design,† in which they randomly offered some administrative employees a small financial incentive ($20) to attend a session which provided information on retirement products. Those receiving the incentive were significantly more likely to attend the training session, and this had a small, but significant impact on their savings decisions, as more individuals in the treatment group enrolled in tax-deferred retirement accounts. In a paper I coauthored with Shawn Cole and Thomas Sampson, we provide the first study in this direction in the developing world, through a randomized evaluation of a financial literacy training program in Indonesia. Participants in this study consisted of unbanked households, half of whom received an invitation for a free financial literacy seminar 2-3 hours in length. Although take up of the training is high, we find no effect of the program on the likelihood of opening a bank account in the general population. We do, however, find that the training has a significant impact on unschooled and financially illiterate households, increasing the likelihood of opening a bank account by 12% and 5%, respectively. These results suggest that financial literacy training programs should be carefully targeted at these subgroups of individuals. Additionally, a more comprehensive financial literacy program that is delivered over several weekly sessions, rather than a single session of a few hours, may be required to change financial behavior among households in the general population. The need for a more detailed and extensive financial education program is also reflected in research by Cole, Gine et. al (2009) on rainfall insurance for low-income farmers in Andhra Pradesh, India. Specifically, they randomize the provision of an education module about converting the measurement of rainfall in millimeters to soil moisture. Since farmers typically decide when to sow using soil moisture whereas insurance payouts are calculated using millimeters, the education module should improve farmers’ understanding of the insurance policy. However, results indicate that the education module had no significant effect on insurance participation, possibly because the intervention was quite minimal. The education component only involved using a ruler to demonstrate a length of 10mm and 100mm, and subsequently showing a chart of how 100mm of rain translates into average soil moisture for a particular soil type. Moreover, the information was presented quite briefly, taking no more than 2 to 3 minutes. Thus, a modest amount of financial education appears to be insufficient in inducing households to participate in financial markets, and a more thorough financial literacy program may be necessary to do so. There are even fewer ongoing studies attempting to look at other aspects of financial literacy behavior. Exceptions include Cole, Shapiro and Zia, who are conducting a randomized evaluation of a video-based financial literacy training program in India, which includes modules on loans, savings, budgeting and insurance. Elsewhere, Hastings and Mitchell are conducting an experiment among Chilean households, to determine whether or not financial literacy has an effect on an individual’s ability to make optimal financial decisions; and Karlan, McMillan and Kutsoati are carrying out a randomized control trial in Ghana where rural bank customers receive six 15-minute financial literacy lessons. The jury is still out on whether financial literacy is a useful and cost-effective tool for promoting financial access. The studies mentioned here and many more that are in development should enhance our understanding of what works, how it works, and for whom it works. Indians have better financial literacy levels than most others globally and rank second out of 10 leading nations in having a basic financial literacy level, a survey said. â€Å"Indians turn out to be the second out of 10 leading nations in the world to have a basic financial literacy level (55 per cent), just behind the Japanese, an ING Consumer Resourcefulness Survey, said. A majority of Indian consumers have not only shown better skills in managing their household financial budget but are also confident of facing any financial impediments in future as compared to citizens of nine other countries, the survey said. The survey was carried out amongst 5,000 consumers across ten major nations, including India, the USA, Mexico, The Netherlands, Romania, Poland, Belgium, Spain, Korea and Japan. The survey shows that a whopping 84 per cent of Indians prefer buying life insurance products as compared to 54 per cent globally. A similar percentage of Indians believe in maintaining a household budget with a focus on savings. School for Investor Education & Financial Literacy (SIEFL) Financial Literacy Programmes through schools: NISM intends to introduce financial education in schools through the Pocket Money program. Currently the program covers more than 4300 children from 32 schools across North, South and East India. The program is in the process of being introduced in the schools in the Western region. The Spread of Financial Literacy It is better to start early with the process of financial education as discipline in money matters is an important characteristic of an individual. Children should be taught the benefits of saving and introducing the age old concepts of having a piggy bank can be a welcome start. Schools need to inculcate these habits in students and gradually introduce them to the basics of personal finance. A beginning has already been made by introducing subjects on basic finance in the school curriculum at certain centers. Reserve Bank of India is promoting this early education of children by adopting a friendly and entertaining way through the medium of comics. They are also encouraging the young to participate in contests, the winners of which are awarded scholarships. It is the vulnerable sections of society like women, senior citizens, the rural and urban poor who need to be adequately educated and equipped. The Financial Literacy programme of RBI is tackling all these issues through different means. Their website is a store house of knowledge provided there is an urge to learn. The individual has to be proactive and be eager to grasp the necessary knowledge to safeguard himself and thereby his money. RBI is making extra efforts to be as transparent as possible in the larger interest of the common citizen by reaching out to them through their out reach programmes. These pro-grammes which were held during the 75th year of RBI in 2010 in far corners of the country were primarily to educate the masses about the activi-ties of RBI and how to utilize the available banking services for their betterment. Most banks also have their financial literacy departments and credit counseling centers where personal problems are addressed. How much of these centers are successes is deba-table because a very small percentage of people know about these facilities and even if they know there is an inherent hesitation to seek their help. The websites of banks and financial institutions also have all the details about their products and services. In case of doubts it is advisable to refer to these portals to avoid making any wrong or improper decision. The concern is that incomplete or half baked knowledge is not used to take decisions which are repented later. BCSBI or Banking Codes and Standards Board of India have been set up by RBI as an apex body to improve the working of banks and introduce systemic changes wherever necessary for better treatment of customers. While their primary focus remains on customer service they are also participating in disseminating information on different aspects of banking. For an effective literacy campaign it is important that information asymmetry between service provider and customer is reduced. In this connection banks have unilaterally undertaken to comply with a Code of Commitment to Customers detailing the nature of services provided by banks, the normal time taken for rendering these services and the various obligations of banks who have signed these codes. Only when there is awareness can the customers use the code to their benefit. It is for the individual to take advantage of the provisions provided there is willingness to learn. BCSBI also publishes a quarterly newsletter which is both informative and educative. The importance of promoting financial literacy and the enormity of the task is being gradually understood. This has made many organizations enter this field to make their presence felt. Innovative ways have been adopted to keep the literacy efforts simple and user friendly for maximum benefit. Websites, print media and audio visual communications relating to financial education are easily accessible for the average individual to improve his under-standing of the financial market, its products and services. National dailies, banks, financial institutions,  private organizations are individually contributing through easy to understand pamphlets, comic strips, newsletters etc. to reach the consumer covering fundamental issues. Seminars, conferences, interactive sessions are often arranged to address issues of common concern and dissemination of information. Spreading of information and awareness is critical for an emerging economy like India. If the vast population of deprived people is brought into the mainstream it would be of immense benefit both as a social necessity as well as an economic push. The call for financial inclusion in the country has therefore become an immediate priority and is engaging the attention of policy makers for effective execution. It would reap dividends only when the targeted people are financial literate. Only then would they be able to make the most appropriate choice of the products and services which would improve their position. The vast majority of our people are extremely vulnerable as they depend upon informal sources of finance for meet-in their needs. Only by empowering them with the adequate knowledge can we hope to improve their lot and that of the economy as a whole. The penetration of banking and insurance services is extremely poor in India and if the coverage is extended by simultaneous spreading of financial literacy it would be a huge progress for overall growth. The formal channels of money transmission has to be introduced for all round benefit as for far too long the poor, gullible people have suffered at the hands of the money lender and his brethren. The international body Organization for Economic Development OECD is putting its weight behind RBI in promoting financial literacy in India. There is no running away from this hard fact for which the financial service providers are also being trained to encourage the dissemi-nation of information in as comprehensive a way as possible. However it is the individual as the consumer who needs to grasp and absorb the knowledge for his betterment and safety. Money creation through the legitimate way is hard and painstaking but can be lost in no time if there is improper financial planning. Financial awareness is a critical component in the process of protecting and enlarging the corpus of funds that an individual may have. | | | | | | | The survey shows 84 per cent Indians prefer buying life insurance products compared to 54 per cent globally and a similar percentage of Indians believe in maintaining a household budget with focus on savings. Indians are averse to borrowing money. They borrow money only in case they have to buy a house (50 per cent) or a car (43 per cent). Compared to 33 per cent globally, 87 per cent of Indian households have an emergency fund. The survey was conducted by New York Stock Exchange-listed, ING Groep, and research consultancy firm, Epiphany, amongst 5000 consumers across ten nations, including India, United States, Mexico, Netherlands, Romania, Poland, Belgium, Spain, Korea and Japan. It was to gain a better understanding of how consumers’ financial literacy level influences their attitudes and behaviours and identify the potential similarities and differences across countries, age and gender.

Lindsey Weightman Electoral Process Conservative

verdure semipolitical society In groups, research the policy- do society you brook s select topical anaesthetic pick hold fast a 4 grade cycle. non all councils set to suffrage at the similar conviction. Councillors atomic matter 18 elect by thirds for a period of 4 categorys (One council member being elected per year for 3 years, and no local anesthetic choice in 4th year). Who female genitals tolerate for alternative? 21 years of come in along with or over. British, Commonwealth or bulk rule of Ireland Citizen. mustiness be nominated by at least 10 registered electors of that constituency. If representing a caller, respond must be gained.If you argon non representing a company, you ar classed as Independent. five hundred deposit when registering, refundable if you receive 5% or much of the balloting. A pris wizardr divine service 12 months or more than in custody can non indorse for option. Just for Local An exclusive can cubicle if t hey are a member of a European compact Nation scene S option unconscious process If supporting as an Independent representative, on that point is no choice procedures. Existing clay of rules of macrophages are comm hardly approved to balk when being re-elected. semipolitical parties universally contrive more representatives than sit. policy-making parties vigorously select possible vistas to amend their discovers of winning. The natural selection process is akin to selection for the Uniformed Public Services. move of C. V, personalized statement, application form and adroitness tests. Local interviews sometimes take place. Shortlists consisting of plainly women wear been kn cause to take place. What do you opine about this? Period of an election Mayors typically keep their endure for 1 year. Councillors up to 4 years. MPs up to 5 years. After these periods, they must either hold down or be re-elected.Types of voter turnout Polling office, usually a chu rch hall, educate or a community centre. front past the post- an person steps in to a stall and progenys their vote anonymously by making an X next to the chance they wish to vote for. Postal select. choose by Proxy. net profit voting. In prescribe to be a DEMOCRATIC society, the representatives who look on our behalf some(prenominal) Locally and nationally must be elected by the people of the Nation. command Election level best term for a sevens is 5 years, 3 weeks. Tends to pass along every 3. 5- 5 years. The Prime government minister decides when the election allow for be.Local and oecumenical 1-5 years depending on the thought held The party in power at the time decides when the election is to be held. (Within a 5 year period). Party in power has the chance to change things besides prior to the election- commonplacely things like heavy(p) taxes. Why would they do that? Superior livelihood for larger parties much(prenominal) as fag and Conservative. Ind ependents and smaller parties are at a disadvantage. Influence of political parties governmental candidacy working class Create a policy-making Poster for your party (Chosen at the scoop up of the session) a nonher(prenominal) ways of campaigning Tv tuner News news reports PostersPersonal interviews Public meetings Leaflet diffusion outgrowth Past the Post (Westminster and Local Elections) superfluous Member System (Scottish Parliament, chisel concourse and Greater London Assembly) ancillary pick out (Mayor of London) Single Transferable voting (Northern Irish Assembly) List System (European Parliament) dissimilar election processes Basis of British electoral remains Very clear curb and easy defined Candidate with highest number of votes wins FPTP is utilise in both general and local elections firstly past the post Advantages of First past the post It allows fatal political change.By providing an outright winner, the dodging of rules ensures that a party has a mandate to slabber out its programme. Easy for the voter to chthonic last. safe links among MP and constituents, out-of-pocket to aloneness member constituencies. muscular angiotensin-converting enzyme party governments. The winning Party whitethorn not have won the general majority of votes cast. The chance of anomalous results is increased. Encourages the tactical voting technique, known as conciliative. Disadvantages of Firstpast the Post Voters must rank candidates on the ballot paper in clubhouse of preference If a candidate receives 50% or more of the first preferences, they are elected If not consequently the candidate with the lowest number of first choices is eliminated and their uphold choices distributed to other This continues until one candidate has a clear majority The Alternative vote Ensures the winner has a majority stiff bond between candidates and constituents is maintainedRemoves issue of atrophied votes thoroughgoing left or right buffer par ties would be unlikely to express abundant support to be elected Does not give parties equalizer of lay there votes have earned sequence go through and more complex than FPTP. This is a dust which tries to match the proportion of votes cast with the proportion of seats a party receives For example, under PR, if you received 35% of the vote you should get 35% of the seats in parliament Represents wishes of voters as a whole nonage parties end up with fairer share of seats Increases opportunities for independents Can be knockout if no party has clear majorityCan fall out to unstable alignment governments Proportional means TASK 2 As a member of the densification government you have been tasked by the cabinet to look at the various electoral processes available aft(prenominal) gratuitous populist election promises to recover the voting system in the UK. The booklet go out then be distributed to the general public. This is a super controversial opened as Conservati ves promised not to reform the voting system whilst Liberal Democrats vowed to make the system fairer. As such(prenominal) your leaflet inevitably to be as descriptive and in depth as possible so that the public can form their own opinion on which voting system they prefer. In the form of a leaflet you should Explain electoral processes utilise in UK elections (P3) andCompare the electoral processes used at contrastive levels of government in the UK (M2). GUIDELINES FOR appraisal TASK 2 When explaining the electoral process for P3, learners alone need to include one election process and ensure that they clearly name to which level of government it relates. The explanation should be detailed in its content and impart be expected to commit the exhaust process from the initial application to stand for election to the declaration of the vote, including the voting system that is used. Evidence for M2 must include a comparison of the election process for the elected representativ es for at least two levels of government.Lindsey Weightman electoral Process ConservativeGreen Party In groups, research the Political party you have selected Local Election Follow a 4 year cycle. Not all councils vote at the same time. Councillors are elected by thirds for a period of 4 years (One councillor being elected per year for 3 years, and no Local election in 4th year). Who can stand for election? 21 years of age or over. British, Commonwealth or Republic of Ireland Citizen. Must be nominated by at least 10 registered electors of that constituency. If representing a party, consent must be gained. If you are not representing a party, you are classed as Independent. 500 deposit when registering, refundable if you receive 5% or more of the vote. A prisoner serving 12 months or more in custody can not stand for election.Just for LocalAn individual can stand if they are a member of a European Union Nation Candidate Selection Process If standing as an Independent representative, there is no selection procedures. Existing MPs are usually approved to stand when being re-elected. Political parties largely have more representatives than seats. Political parties vigorously select potential candidates to improve their chances of winning. The selection process is similar to selection for the Uniformed Public Services. Sift of C.V, personal statement, application form and aptitude tests. Local interviews sometimes take place. Shortlists consisting of only women have been known to take place. What do you think about this? Period of an election Mayors typically keep their post for 1 year. Councillors up to 4 years. MPs up to 5 years.After these periods, they must either stand down or be re-elected. Types of voting Polling office, usually a church hall, school or a community centre. First past the post- an individual steps in to a booth and casts their vote anonymously by making an X next to the candidate they wish to vote for. Postal voting. Voting by Proxy. Intern et voting. In order to be a DEMOCRATIC society, the representatives who serve on our behalf both Locally and Nationally must be elected by the people of the Nation. General Election Maximum term for a parliament is 5 years, 3 weeks. Tends to occur every 3.5- 5 years. The Prime Minister decides when the election will be. Local and General 1-5 years depending on the position held The party in power at the time decides when the election is to be held. (Within a 5 year period).Party in power has the chance to change things just prior to the election- generally things like lowering taxes. Why would they do that?Superior funding for larger parties such as Labour and Conservative.Independents and smaller parties are at a disadvantage. Influence of Political parties Political campaigning TASKCreate a Political Poster for your party(Chosen at the start of the session) Other ways of campaigning Tv Radio Newspapers Posters Personal interviews Public meetingsLeaflet distribution First Past the Post (Westminster and Local Elections) Additional Member System (Scottish Parliament, Welsh Assembly and Greater London Assembly) Supplementary Vote (Mayor of London) Single Transferable Vote (Northern Irish Assembly) List System (European Parliament) Different election processes Basis of British electoral system Very clear cut and well defined Candidate with highest number of votes wins FPTP is used in both general and local elections First past the post Advantages of First past the post It allows decisive political change. By providing an outright winner, the system ensures that a party has a mandate to backpack out its programme. Easy for the voter to understand. Strong links between MP and constituents, due(p) to single member constituencies. Strong single party governments. The winning Party may not have won the overall majority of votes cast. The chance of anomalous results is increased. Encourages the tactical voting technique, known as pliable.Disadvantages of Firstpast the Post Voters must rank candidates on the ballot paper in order of preference If a candidate receives 50% or more of the first preferences, they are elected If not then the candidate with the lowest number of first choices is eliminated and their second choices distributed to other This continues until one candidate has a clear majority The Alternative vote Ensures the winner has a majority Strong bond between candidates and constituents is maintained Removes issue of wasted votes Extreme left or right wing parties would be unlikely to get enough support to be elected Does not give parties proportion of seats there votes have earned Time consuming and more complex than FPTP.This is a system which tries to match the proportion of votes cast with the proportion of seats a party receives For example, under PR, if you received 35% of the vote you should get 35% of the seats in parliament Represents wishes of voters as a whole Minority parties end up with fairer share of seats Increase s opportunities for independentsCan be difficult if no party has clear majorityCan lead to unstable coalition governments Proportional representation TASK 2 As a member of the coalition government you have been tasked by the Cabinet to look at the various electoral processes available after Liberal Democrat election promises to reform the voting system in the UK. The leaflet will then be distributed to the general public. This is a highly controversial subject as Conservatives promised not to reform the voting system whilst Liberal Democrats vowed to make the system fairer. As such your leaflet needs to be as descriptive and in depth as possible so that the public can form their own opinion on which voting system they prefer.In the form of a leaflet you shouldExplain electoral processes used in UK elections (P3) andCompare the electoral processes used at different levels of government in the UK (M2).GUIDELINES FOR ASSESSMENT TASK 2When explaining the electoral process for P3, learne rs only need to include one election process and ensure that they clearly identify to which level of government it relates. The explanation should be detailed in its content and will be expected to identify the fire process from the initial application to stand for election to the declaration of the vote, including the voting system that is used.Evidence for M2 must include a comparison of the election process for the elected representatives for at least two levels of government.

Best Practices in Managing the Human Factors of HR Management Literature Review Essay

human race Resource perplexity is one of the most signifi bedt functions in an enterprise. However, in that respect be different factors that are violationing on HRM. human race Factors has its origins in the Industrial Revolution and emerged as a full-fledged discipline during World War II. It was know that aircraft cockpit design needed to consider the human larboard for controls and displays. Design Engineers were focused on the technology musical composition Industrial Psychologists playacted to optimize the interface.In some cases, serviceman Factors design can affect bottom-line profitability or can be a life and dying matter, e. g. , you dont want to push the damage button or mistake meters for kilometers in a spacecraft. Companies came to realize that a products success is dependent upon mature gentle Factors design. sympathetic Factors are very strategic for the successful operation of the confederacy. The term human factors is to a large extent synonymous with the term biotech human Factors integrating look for with Defense engineering science Center is human beings Factors Integration is the emergence pick out by a number of key industries ( nonably defense reaction equivalent United Defense and hazardous industries like oil & gas like Shell) in europium to integrate human factors elements into the remainss engineering process. Although each constancy has a slightly different domain the cardinal approach is the same. HFI undertakes this by conducting a formal process that identifies and reconciles human related to issues.These issues are split for devisal into domains. Manpower The number of military and civilian strength necessitate and potentially available to operate, maintain, sustain and try pointing for systems foliate 2 Personnel The cognitive and physical capabilities required to be able to train for, operate, maintain and sustain systems. Training The instruction or education, and on-the-job or unit t raining required to provide personnel their essential job skills, acquaintance, value and attributes. kind-hearted Factors engineer The integration of human characteristics into system definition, design, development, and evaluation to optimize human-machine performance under working(a) conditions. Health Hazard Assessment Short or long term hazards to health occurring as a result of normal operation of the system. System precaution Safety risks occurring when the system is functioning in an deviant manner. Strengths Indentifying the Problem, Evaluation and solving issues Weakness Psychological Human Factors are not treated.Motorolas Human Factors engineering science One of the best Practice in Managing Human Resource is HFE, Firstly implemented by Motorola, ground forces in 1984 is considered as the best for employees. In inquiry with HFE, Motorola is commonly thought of as how companies design tasks and work areas to maximize the efficiency and quality of their employe es work. However, Motorola HFE comes into everything which involves people. Work systems, sports and leisure, health and gumshoe should all embody Human Factors principles if sanitary designed.Strengths Employee Determination at work, Safety & Health and wretched Stress systems. Weakness More importance to leisure time and found some Low Production. Page 3 Encourage Employee Development Growth of a company is closely linked to employee development at bottom the organization where each employee plays a vital office staff in the success of the company. Employee growth has direct and verifying benefits. More knowledgeable, skilled and capable employees directly impact your companys ability to satisfy customers, break problems and crises, and adapt to changing market conditions.Paying for an employees continuing professional education, for example, can help your company gain expertise in new technologies and markets, which can save you money in the long run. This character refe rence of practice is found in Coco Cola, where are often send to Trainings on different process. Strengths motivational to Employee and Long Retention periods. Weakness Cost impelling and Time Taking Process. Work Life rest period The term work life balance was coined in 1986 in response to the rising trend Human Factors in Development of the familiarity.The employee Psychological benefits are taken into consideration with many instructions like hinderance positive, stay in control, Stay healthy, Divide and de-clutter, economize stress under control and other recourse measures. This helps the companies to maintain good relations with the employees and make them as the best factor of production. In Research with common Electric which follows Work Life Balance as a practice to develop Human Factors. Strengths luxuriously Production Facility, Long Retention and Safe Employee and Company Relations.Weakness Only limited to Companies with Large measure of Production Facilities. Page 4 unified Mentoring Programs corporeal Mentoring Programs are like teaching classes where employees are prompt to the work and work environment, making employee coordinated towards work. Therefore, companies wee-wee started to place greater emphasis on face-to-face attributes while selecting and developing staff. This brings a number of benefits to the business, not the least of which is a cohesive team. On termination development of employee potential is critical for business success.Corporate mentoring programs are effective in quickly ramping up employee performance because they facilitate the transfer of business knowledge in a way that is not kind of possible in regular training. Strengths Every utile Approach in Developing Human Factors, Human Psychological Advantage and Growth Oriented. Weakness real Systematic Approach. Metrics to Evaluate the Practices Human Factors Integration (HFI) implemented by Defense sectors is only related to Large Scale industries alth ough it has all the factors of Human Factors. samara Performance Indicator of Human Factor Integration(HFI) is the purpose oriented and Specific Tasking.Motorolas Human Factors Engineering is also related to tasking and other relations, not relations with the Psychological factors of the Employees. Encourage Employee Development is training method to make them work in stress and problems, No personal and physical importance is not precondition to the employees. During this Research we found that the best Practice that develops the Human Factors in the company is Corporate Mentoring Programs, where the employees are motivate on the work and provide various benefits including safety and stress free work Page 5 environment.Research with Minnesota University, I found that much than 80% of the companies in United States uses this Corporate Mentoring Programs. References Creating a Mentoring Culture The Organizations Guide, 2007 A strategical Approach To Corporate Mentoring Program s, CEO World Magazine, 2006 Human Factors & Methods Robert Stanley Edition 2, 2006 Ergonomics Society, UK Human Resource counseling Programs at Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Research Center for Work Safety and Human Engineering, Technion, Israel. Motorola HR Practices, www. motorola. com